Plan “B” For Palmer Escapes After Dicamba Or 2,4-D
DR. LARRY STECKEL
JACKSON, TENN.
Some reports have come from folks concerned by the lack of Palmer amaranth response to applications of dicamba plus glyphosate applied in the last 10 days. I expect to get more of these calls as I have seen similar results in our research this spring.
The half-pound rate of dicamba plus glyphosate applied to 3 to 6” tall Palmer amaranth is resulting in about 60 to 70 percent control 2 to 3 weeks after application in some of our research. The Palmer in these studies that escapes the herbicide application grow very little for about 10 days. These escapes then get a second wind and start rapidly growing, typically from lower auxiliary buds.
In one trial Palmer amaranth at a height of 2 to 6” tall was treated with 32 oz/A Roundup PM plus 22 oz/A XtendiMax. Palmer amaranth control 10 days after application was only 60 percent. We then applied another application of 22 ozs/A of XtendiMax. The Palmer amaranth control 14 days after that 2nd dicamba application is not encouraging.
I went back and looked at research with dicamba in 2014 to 2016 and the Palmer amaranth control 2 weeks after one application consistently ranged from 87 to 99 percent. So why the poor control now? Greenhouse research this past winter suggested that the Palmer amaranth in at least some of our fields is evolving increased tolerance to dicamba. We have field research at Jackson and in a few farmer fields in other counties that would back up those results.
What is clear is we need new management tactics to control Palmer amaranth in at least some Xtend crop fields. In a blog last week, I suggested to start increasing rates of residual herbicides that control Palmer amaranth, particularly in soybean. This should consist of a PRE applied herbicide that is effective on Palmer amaranth overlaid with another effective herbicide POST about 14 to 20 days later. This must be the primary way to control Palmer in Xtend soybean. The total POST approach has not worked well in our research even if a herbicide that offers some residual control of Palmer amaranth is added to a dicamba plus glyphosate POST application.
In cotton Liberty still appears to be effective and should be the “go to” to control Palmer amaranth that has escaped a dicamba application. Moreover, consider getting the hooded sprayers back out and applying diuron + MSMA.
We have witnessed a good bit of change in dicamba control of Palmer amaranth in the last 5 years. In 2015, 2016 and 2017, I often heard reports of dicamba controlling 24” Palmer amaranth. In 2020, I am hearing reports of and indeed seeing dicamba struggling to control 2 to 4” Palmer amaranth.
What about Enlist crops? Unfortunately, the standard 32 oz/A rate of Enlist One + 32 oz/A Roundup PM appears to be controlling Palmer amaranth no better than the standard dicamba + glyphosate applications in a couple tests at the station this year. Fortunately, Enlist One can be tankmixed with Liberty and that tankmixture has been consistently good at controlling Palmer amaranth. As such it should be the “go to” for Palmer amaranth from here on in Enlist crops. ∆
DR. LARRY STECKEL: Extension Weed Specialist, University of Tennessee
22 ozs XtendiMax + 32 ozs Roundup PM on 2 to 6″ Palmer amaranth fb/ 22 ozs XtendiMax 10 days later: Pic taken 14 days after 2nd application
No PRE: POST applied v3 soybean with 32 ozs Roundup PM + 22 ozs XtendiMax + 48 ozs Warrant