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Fescue Forages Lose Toxins While Stored For Winter Feed
http://www.grasslandrenewal.org/education.htmCOLUMBIA, MO.
Winter feeding of forage to beef herds doesn't rank high as a favored job for herd owners. But there's a bright side to feeding fescue, whether in hay or grass. Fescue toxins are down.
“This is the best fescue will be, now until pastures green up again,” says Craig Roberts, University of Missouri Extension forage specialist.
Most fescue forage contains a toxin that restricts blood circulation in cattle. That creates harm in many ways, including low gains, low conception, and frozen feet and ears.
Hay cut for baling starts losing toxins as it cures in the field. After hay is baled and stored for winter, toxins continue to drop.
If toxic tall fescue was stockpiled in pastures and saved for winter grazing, that loses toxins as well. Increasingly, farmers manage fall fescue grass to save it for winter grazing. Fescue, unlike many grasses, remains edible in freezing weather.
By January both hay and grass hold their lowest levels of toxic alkaloids that cause problems.
Grass provides better nutrients than hay. More farmers using rotational grazing use fall stockpiling.
Stockpile takes advantage of fescue toxin cycles. Fescue, a cool-season grass, has two growing seasons. Most productive growth comes in spring. Next, fescue goes into low-growth summer slump. When fall rains return, usually early September in Missouri, grass grows again. Then fescue becomes toxic again.
Toxins are highest in the spring growth because of the reproductive stage. Stems and seed contain high levels of alkaloids.
In fall, the fescue grows only leaves, no seed stems. Leaves store the toxin.
Winter-stockpiled fescue responds well to rotational grazing. In that system, large pastures are divided into smaller paddocks. Cattle move to the next ungrazed grass as the feed runs out in a paddock. In the non-growth season, there is no need to install a back fence. The cattle move forward to fresh grass.
MU grazing schools teach management-intensive grazing (MIG). Rates of gain on MIG paddocks run about one-third more. Less grass is wasted. MU schools start again in the spring.
Toxic tall fescue, Kentucky 31, is the most-used grass in Missouri. Now, new plantings can be made with novel endophyte varieties. Seed companies have replaced toxic endophyte, a fungus, with a new natural nontoxic fungus.
Novel endophyte fescue has advantages throughout the year, in grass or hay. Farmers learned many workarounds and tricks of grazing toxic fescue to reduce harm.
What farmers and MU researchers learned about fescue now provides lessons in grazing schools.
A new set of schools was developed for teaching all across the Fescue Belt, reaching from Missouri to the Carolinas and Georgia. Schools in six states will be held in March.
The Alliance for Grassland Renewal now manages the new schools. They teach how to plant and use the improved novel endophyte fescues.
Five companies sell novel endophyte varieties.
The Missouri school, March 18, is at MU Southwest Research Center, Mount Vernon. At the school farmers will see side-by-side plots of the new varieties. Schools in other states are shown at www.grasslandrenewal.org/education.htm.
The MU Southwest Center is part of the MU College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Columbia. ∆
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