|
New Ag Pest Bothers People More Than It Harms Crops
MISSISSIPPI STATE, MISS.
An unusual new agricultural pest has made its way throughout most of the state, and while its impact on soybeans has been low, it is causing trouble in homes.
The kudzu bug is an invasive species from Asia that arrived in Atlanta, most likely at the airport. First found in Georgia in 2009, the pest rapidly spread across the entire Southeast and has made it as far as Arkansas and Louisiana.
Mississippi State University entomologists said the insect is winged, brown and about the size of a pencil eraser, and it has piercing/sucking mouthparts like a stinkbug. It has three life stages – egg, nymph and adult – and has no native predators or parasites that attack them.
“We’ve never had a member of this insect family in the country before,” said Blake Layton, Extension entomologist.
Kudzu bugs can cause problems in soybean fields, but so far, they have been more of a nuisance indoors. They like to spend cold weather indoors, so homeowners near kudzu-infested areas play unwanted hosts to them in the winter. The pests often congregate in large numbers on building exteriors, but they find a way inside whenever they can.
Kudzu bugs are invasive insects from Asia that arrived in Atlanta in 2009. They have been found in nearly every Mississippi county and across the Southeast to Arkansas and Louisiana.
Brown adult and light-colored nymph kudzu bugs are visible on this plant stem. The invasive insects feed on kudzu and soybean plants and can irritate human skin upon contact.
Photos by MSU Extension Service/Blake Layton
“They have a bad smell, and they have some irritating chemical that they exude that can burn and cause blisters if it gets on your skin,” Layton said. “People seem to have different sensitivity to them, and most problems seem to come when the insects rub against skin, such as when they get down the collar of a person’s shirt.”
Kudzu bugs so far have only been a problem to people who live near heavy kudzu infestations. In these cases, physical exclusion is the best defense against these home-invading insects.
“Make sure your house is bug-proof,” Layton said. “Kudzu bugs are very susceptible to pyrethroid chemicals, and these can be used on building exteriors, but the bugs just keep coming. Inside, a vacuum cleaner is the best way to deal with these insects.”
Besides being a pest around houses, the insect has the potential to cause some crop damage. When not feeding on kudzu, the beetle likes soybeans, and Mississippi farmers have planted more than 2 million acres of this crop in recent years.
Angus Catchot, Extension agronomic crops entomologist, said kudzu bugs are in nearly every Mississippi county. In 2014, farmers sprayed more than 5,000 acres of soybeans for this pest.
“Most of the acres that were sprayed were located south of Interstate 20,” Catchot said. “Although we’re finding them more frequently across the state in soybeans and kudzu, they have not reached the level that they are a routine pest that has to be regularly treated.”
Kudzu bugs feed on the leaf petioles and stems, not on the leaf or the fruit. With high enough numbers, they can sap plants of their vigor, but it an infestation must be severe before it becomes economically important enough to spray.
“We’re pretty intense managers of soybeans in Mississippi, and we feel like this is a pest we can manage,” Catchot said.
While present in the Delta, the kudzu bug is controlled by the same chemicals used to control stinkbugs, one of soybeans’ major pests. In the southern part of the state, fields are smaller and harder to spray, and that is where kudzu bugs have caused problems in soybeans.
MSU researchers have adopted thresholds from other Southeastern states that have had the pest for a number of years and have collected several years of data. In general, they recommend spraying an insecticide for kudzu bugs when there are five kudzu bugs found per plant in the vegetative stages. During the reproductive stages, MSU recommends treating when an average of 25 nymphs are found per 25 sweeps.
These recommendations were added to the 2015 Insect Control Guide for Agronomic Crops. ∆
|
|