Quick Turn Around Burndown Options In Soybean

DR. LARRY STECKEL

JACKSON, TENN.
   It is raining as I write and the forecast is not optimistic about getting much done in the field this week. As soon as it dries corn planting will take priority along with some early soybean planting. There is no major problem with planting corn right around a burndown application, which makes it much easier than in soybean where many of the burndown herbicides have plant back restrictions.  Moreover the main target weed, marestail (horseweed), may be larger than 4” by the time fields are fit to cross which makes getting good control more difficult.
   So what would be some good options to burndown small to larger horseweed and then plant soybeans quickly behind? There are really only four herbicides to choose from for this and they are FirstRate, Gramoxone, Sharpen and Verdict.
   FirstRate can be applied as a burndown application at a rate of 0.3 to 0.75 oz/A. Soybeans can be planted at any time after a FirstRate application.  Tank mix FirstRate with glyphosate for best results on horseweed. Use higher rates of FirstRate once horseweed is larger than 4” tall. Please keep in mind that we have documented ALS-resistant horseweed in some of the northern counties in West Tennessee. Moreover, it is likely that the ALS-resistant horseweed can be found in a few additional counties.  FirstRate will not control ALS-resistant horseweed.
   Gramoxone applied alone typically provides 50 to 80 percent control. Gramoxone works best on horseweed if tankmixed with metribuzin. Utilizing Gramoxone at 48 oz/A plus 4 oz/A of metribuzin has often provided 80 percent control or better. Recent research we have conducted has shown that Gramoxone has provided about 40 percent better horseweed control if it is applied early in the morning or late in the evening compared to the middle of the day.
   Sharpen and Verdict (premix of Sharpen and Outlook) are the most often used herbicides for burndown when you want to plant soybeans right away after application. Sharpen applied at an 1 oz/A rate or Verdict applied at a 5 oz/A rate has historically provided good horseweed control in our research up to about 4” tall horseweed. More recently, we have rated a number of burndown tests in the last 7 days and those herbicides applied at those rates have performed very well (>95 percent control). In one trial, we sprayed different herbicides at three different times of the day (sunrise, mid-day, or evening). Sharpen provided very good control of horseweed regardless of what time of day it was applied. Soybeans may be planted any time after Sharpen or Verdict are applied at the rates mentioned above.
   Our research has also shown that once horseweed gets in that 4 to 6” range or taller it is best to go with 1.5 oz/A rate of Sharpen or 7.5 oz/A rate of Verdict to get more consistent control. The plant back to soybean after those rates is 14 days for most soil types in TN. However, for fields with low organic matter, the plant back is much longer (30 days). Another option to save time on larger horseweed is to tankmix 2,4-D at a pint/A (ester formulation 4 lb a.i./per gallon) with either the 1 oz/A rate of Sharpen or the 5 oz/A rate of Verdict. In our research we have gotten good control of larger horseweed with those tankmixes. The plant back to soybean is 7 days with those mixtures.
   Another option would be to plan to control the horseweed POST in your soybean with either FirstRate or Liberty in LL soybeans. In our research Liberty can control very large horseweed if it is applied during a warm day (high in the 80s). ∆
   DR. LARRY STECKEL: Extension Weed Specialist, University of Tennessee