Right Seeding Rate Can Boost Corn Yields
COLUMBIA, MO.
When it comes to corn seeding rates, sometimes less is more. Planting
more seeds per acre in an effort to maximize yields won’t always
maximize your return on investment, says Brent Myers, University of
Missouri Extension corn specialist.
The drought of 2012 and 2013’s roller-coaster weather showed that
planting date, precipitation, growing degree days and other factors
influence the relationship between seeding rate and yield, Myers said.
Myers presented the results of statewide tests of seeding rates at the recent MU Extension Crop Management Conference.
In the 1930s, a common seeding rate for corn was 12,000 seeds per
acre. Tolerance to high seeding rates has increased since the
introduction of hybrid corn. Farmers today typically plant 24,000 to
34,000 seeds per acre.
Seeding rates in Missouri vary greatly because of the diversity of the state’s growing regions.
“Consider the soil properties when determining rates,” Myers said.
Increasing seeding rates heightens competition for nutrients and
water. Crowded plants with overlapping canopies even compete for
sunlight. Plant stress may result in spindly plants with narrower and
weaker stems. Stressed plants produce longer roots, more root dry matter
and a higher root-to-shoot ratio. Poor stalk strength can result in
lodging problems at harvest.
Kernel numbers increase when the seeding rate numbers go up, but only
to a certain point, Myers said. Kernel numbers per plant eventually
plateau and decrease with higher plant populations.
“Weather has a major effect on whether or not you chose the right
seeding rate,” Myers said. “Unfortunately, that only happens after the
fact.”
Without knowing the weather in advance, farmers must consider the soil.
“In stressful soil landscapes, where water and nitrogen may be
limited, moderate seeding rates (26,000-28,000 seeds per acre) are
preferred,” he said. “However, if you have irrigation, loamy soil and
plenty of nitrogen, the seeding rate can be much higher
(30,000-34,000).”∆